18 Besides, it reduces inhibitions especially in hierarchical context by encouraging the sender to provide a personal assessment and suggestion of the situation (‘Recommendation’). 16 Furthermore, it enables a preparation before the communication process, 16 17 and because sender and receiver share the same mental model, understanding and awareness are expected to be higher. 12–15 By virtue of a clear structure, SBAR calls for the provision of all relevant information, organised in a logical fashion. 9–11 The SBAR (situation, background, assessment, recommendation) instrument (see table 1) and its derivatives ISBAR, SBAR-R, ISBARR and ISOBAR fulfil this need and are widely used in different healthcare facilities as a communication and hand-off tool both intraprofessionally and interprofessionaly. 8 To overcome these barriers, communication strategies are desirable, which take little time and effort to complete, deliver comprehensive information efficiently, encourage interprofessional collaboration and limit the probability of error. 7 The components and processes of communications are complex and prone to misunderstanding. Such settings include the perioperative period, 5 the intensive care unit (ICU) 6 and the emergency department. 4 Poor communication is found in many different healthcare settings and is especially prominent in patient hand-offs and settings where fast and effective management is indispensable. The Joint Commission reported that poor communication is a contributing factor in more than 60% of all hospital adverse events they reviewed. Following the definition of Brennan et al, 3 adverse events are injuries that are caused by medical conduct resulting in prolonged hospitalisation and/or disability at the time of discharge. 2 To illustrate the impact of patient safety on healthcare quality, the incidence of adverse events is commonly cited. Patient safety is crucial for the delivery of effective, high-quality healthcare 1 and is defined by the World Alliance for Patient Safety of WHO as ‘the reduction of risk of unnecessary harm associated with healthcare to an acceptable minimum’.
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